HISTORICAL CRITICAL METHODE DALAM MEMAHAMI HADIS INTOLERANSI: ANALISIS HADIS LARANGAN MENGUCAP SALAM KEPADA NONMUSLIM PERSPEKTIF M. SYUHUDI ISMAIL

Abstract

The development of social media has revived religious discourses that tend to be textual and exclusive, particularly in the use of hadiths related to Muslim non-Muslim relations. One frequently cited hadith is the prohibition of initiating greetings to Jews and Christians. This article aims to analyze this hadith using the Historical Critical Method and to relate it to M. Syuhudi Ismail’s thought on contextual approaches to hadith interpretation. The research employs a library-based study with a historical-critical approach, including sanad analysis, matn criticism, hadith dating, and socio-historical contextualization. The findings indicate that although the hadith possesses a sound (ṣaḥīḥ) chain of transmission, its understanding cannot be separated from the socio-political context of Muslim non-Muslim relations during the Prophet’s time. Therefore, a purely textual interpretation of the hadith without consideration of its historical context may lead to intolerant attitudes in modern society. This study emphasizes the importance of integrating historical criticism with contextual hadith interpretation in addressing contemporary socio-religious challenges.