KAIDAH POKOK KULLIYYAH KHUSUS MUAMALAH: ANALISIS KAIDAH TINDAKAN HUKUM TERHADAP HARTA DAN KEPEMILIKAN, KAIDAH PELAKU DAN PENYEBAB, SERTA KAIDAH MANFAAT DAN TANGGUNG JAWAB
Keywords:
Qawaid Fiqhiyyah, Muamalah, Property and Ownership, Direct Actor and Indirect Cause, Benefit and Liability.Abstract
Fiqh legal maxims (qawaid fiqhiyyah) play an important role as fundamental principles in understanding and resolving various issues in Islamic commercial law (muamalah). This study aims to analyze the legal maxims concerning legal actions related to property and ownership, the maxim of direct actor and indirect cause, and the maxim of benefit and liability within the framework of fiqh muamalah. The research employs a library research method with a descriptive qualitative approach by examining relevant books, journals, and other scholarly sources. The findings indicate that legal actions concerning property must be conducted based on legitimate ownership rights and should not harm others. The maxim of direct actor and indirect cause explains that a person who directly causes damage is responsible for the consequences, while an indirect cause is liable only when negligence or misconduct is involved. Furthermore, the maxim of benefit and liability emphasizes that any party who gains benefits from property or an activity must also bear the associated risks and responsibilities. These three legal maxims play a significant role in promoting justice, legal certainty, and the protection of rights in various muamalah activities, both in traditional and contemporary contexts.
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