KONSEPTUALISASI MANAJEMEN RISIKO KEUANGAN KELUARGA MUSLIM DALAM MENGHADAPI KRISIS: STUDI KOMPARATIF TEORI KONVENSIONAL DAN FIKIH MUAMALAH
Keywords:
Islamic Economics, Fiqh Muamalah, Risk Management, Family Finance, Financial Resilience.Abstract
The global economic crisis has increased household financial vulnerability through inflation, unemployment, and recession. This study aims to conceptualize financial risk management for Muslim families in responding to economic crises through a comparative analysis of conventional theories and fiqh muamalah (Islamic commercial jurisprudence). Employing a library research method with conceptual and comparative approaches, this study examines the philosophical foundations, instruments, and orientations of both paradigms. The findings reveal that conventional theory adopts a rational-material choice framework that emphasizes economic efficiency and individual financial security through instruments such as commercial insurance. In contrast, fiqh muamalah reconstructs the concept of risk as sunnatullah (divine decree) that must be managed based on the principles of tawhid (monotheism), justice (al-ghunm bi al-ghurm and al-kharaj bi al-dhaman), prevention (sadd al-dhari'ah), and public welfare (maslahah). The Islamic protection system is founded upon collectivism through takaful (risk sharing) and the optimization of Islamic social finance networks, including zakat, infaq, sadaqah, and waqf (ZISWAF). The synthesis of Risk Management Theory, Financial Resilience Theory, and Maqashid al-Shariah produces a new model, namely the Islamic Family Financial Risk Management Framework. This model demonstrates that the financial resilience of Muslim families is not solely dependent on material assets but also on the integration of social and spiritual capital to achieve comprehensive well-being (maslahah) in both worldly life and the hereafter (falah).
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